Nitrous Oxide for Labor Pain: A New Option for Patients at UNC Health Southeastern
OB/GYN Constance Mulroy, MD
By Obstetrician and Gynecologist Constance Mulory, MD
UNC Health Southeastern will offer nitrous oxide as an additional option for pain management during labor starting December 8. The health system has invested in women’s service with the state-of-the-art unit which opened November 2024. This additional pain management option, which is not offered elsewhere in our region, is an expansion of that commitment, and continued investment in the care of mothers and infants in our community. We are also currently recruiting for more obstetrics coverage, to offer an obstetrics hospitalist service, which will house these providers in the hospital, showing our continued commitment to excellent outcomes.
What Is Nitrous Oxide?
Labor is a physically intense and often painful process, and many patients feel anxious about the delivery experience. While epidurals and IV pain medications are effective, they are not the right choice for everyone. Nitrous oxide provides patients with a flexible, self-administered option to help manage pain and stress during labor. This addition gives patients in our community access to safe, modern maternity care with more options for managing pain and how they experience childbirth.
Nitrous oxide, commonly known as “laughing gas,” is a tasteless, odorless gas that has been used for labor and postpartum laceration repair analgesia for decades. It is a blend of nitrous oxide and oxygen that is inhaled through a mouthpiece or facemask. It reduces anxiety and increases a feeling of well-being so that pain is easier to deal with. It takes effect within seconds and wears off quickly and can be a useful tool if patients want relief and prefer not to receive an epidural.
Is nitrous oxide safe?
Yes. Nitrous oxide is safe for both you and your baby. It has been used worldwide for decades and does not slow labor or affect the baby’s breathing or Apgar scores. Some patients may feel dizzy, nauseated, or drowsy while using it, but these effects usually pass within a few minutes.
How long does nitrous oxide last?
Nitrous oxide does not build up in the body, and its effects fade within minutes. Patients stay awake, alert, and fully able to participate in labor. Although it passes through the placenta, it is quickly eliminated by the baby.
Does it affect bonding or breastfeeding?
No. Its effects wear off quickly, allowing patients to stay alert and fully present after birth, supporting early bonding and breastfeeding.
Who should not use nitrous oxide?
Nitrous oxide is not recommended for patients who:
- Cannot hold their own mask
- Have impaired consciousness
- Recently used illicit drugs, narcotics, or alcohol
- Received opioid medication within the last 30 minutes
- Have a vitamin B12 deficiency
- Have low blood pressure
Can nitrous oxide be combined with other pain-relief methods?
Yes. Patients may use nitrous oxide alone or with other pain-relief options. It can be stopped at any time and does not interfere with later IV medications or an epidural. However, nitrous oxide cannot be used after an epidural is in place, and opioid pain medications should not be taken while using nitrous oxide.
How can patients learn more?
Patients expecting to give birth are encouraged to talk with their obstetric providers to see if nitrous oxide is a suitable option for their needs and medical situation.
OB/GYN Constance Mulroy, MD, is the Inpatient Medical Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology Services for UNC Health Southeastern and practices with UNC Women's Health at Southeastern Health Park. To schedule an appointment, call (910) 735-8040. To learn more, visit unchealthsoutheastern.org/care-treatment/womens-healthcare/
